翻译实训项目一
一、实训目标
（一）技能目标
能够翻译难度适中的英语材料。
（二）知识目标
在正确掌握翻译方法与技巧的基础上，学生能够进行自主翻译。
二、实训条件要求
多媒体教室
三、实训材料准备
实训报告、实训指导书
四、具体实训任务
翻译能力与技巧的训练
五、实训指导
Pre–task: Analyzing how to translate the following sentences:
1. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.
有一个家伙，就这样走进一家银行，擅自拿走这么多钱。
简析：help oneself to擅自拿走。
2. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.
托德想起自己的难处，他曾设法搞一大笔钱，他需要这笔钱来开办他的加油站。
简析：夹杂两个定语从句。
Post-task: Translating the following sentences and the passage by the students themselves:
1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.
这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。
2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.
由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。
简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。
3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.
或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。
简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。
4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.
这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。
简析：关键词other than而不是。
5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.
这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。
简析：关键词term术语。
6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.
它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。
简析：比喻生动形象。
7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.
大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。
简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)。
8. Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake!
来自动物医院(这个电视节目)的故事(这本书)，将使这个电视节目的爱好者以 及对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这类宠物有浓厚兴趣的任何人感到高兴。
简析：关键词fans爱好者，whether…or…，无论是…还是…。
9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.
牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家，他处于一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期，他也有普通人所特有的弱点。
简析：夹杂两个定语从句。
10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.
但对于所有这些以电子手段记录，贮存及传递的文本而言，许多文本仍要(打印)在纸上。
简析：关键词text文本，end upt最后成为，处于。
11.Each year, George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, presents a jazz concert. Around one thousand two hundred people attended this years concert in October.
弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯市的乔治梅森大学每年都举办一场爵士乐音乐会。大约1200人参加了今年十月份的音乐会。
12. Yet when the program first started, the student musicians played to an almost empty theater. Ed Weiner was one of the few people in the audience when the school held the first jazz concert ten years ago.
然而，当该音乐会项目首次启动时，学生乐手们几乎是面对空无一人的剧场表演。埃德•韦纳是该校十年前举办的首场音乐会为数不多的听众之一。
13.The concert raises money for the Fairfax Law Foundation. The local group uses some of that money to provide free legal services to people in the community.
该音乐会为费尔法克斯法律基金会募集资金。这家本地的基金会使用这些钱为社区居民提供免费的法律服务。
14.The foundation also supports programs to help young people learn about the legal system. These include courthouse tours and education about the legal and health effects of drug and alcohol abuse.
该基金会还支持一个帮助青年人学习法律制度的项目。包括法院参观，法制教育，以及吸毒、酗酒对健康的影响。
15. Foundation officials say the yearly concert brings in about fifteen thousand dollars. Five thousand of that goes to George Mason University for scholarships for students in the jazz studies program.
基金会官员称，每年的音乐会能募集约1.5万美元。其中5千元为乔治梅森大学参加爵士研究项目的学生提供奖学金。
Stress and Relaxation
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night,it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control can it lead to poor performance and iii health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact, we make a choice between "flight or fight"and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.
参考译文：
压力与松弛
随着生活节奏的持续加快，我们正在迅速地丧失放松的本领。你一旦养成了快节奏的生活习惯，从早到晚忙个不停，要想放慢节奏就不是件容易的事儿。可是松弛对一个人的身心健康至关重要。
压力是日常生活的一个自然组成部分，无法逃避。事实上，压力并不像人们通常想象的那样是件坏事。一定的压力对于激发动力、赋予人生以目标是至关重要的。只有在压力过大时才会导致表现失常，健康恶化。
一个人承受压力的大小在很大程度上要看个体之间的差异。有些人不怕压力，这种人是承担管理性责任的上好人选。而另一些人一碰到非同寻常的问题就泄了气。我们面临任何形式的压力时，都会产生化学的和物理的反应。事实上，我们会做出“逃避还是迎战”的选择，在以前这就是生与死的选择。我们今天遇到的危机不大可能如此极端，但是无论压力多么微不足道，我们对其反应是一样的。只有当连续不断的压力，使我们长时间持续对它做出反应时，我们的健康才会受到危害。高血压、心脏病等严重疾病与压力有关已经无可辩驳。既然我们无法在生活中摆脱压力(即使可能，这样做也是不明智的)，我们就需要找出对付压力的办法来。
翻译实训项目二
一、实训目标
（一）技能目标
能够翻译难度适中的英语材料。
（二）知识目标
在正确掌握翻译方法与技巧的基础上，学生能够进行自主翻译。
二、实训条件要求
多媒体教室
三、实训材料准备
实训报告、实训指导书
四、具体实训任务
翻译能力与技巧的训练
五、实训指导
Pre–task: Analyzing how to translate the following sentences:
1. Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.
在我知道玛考雷名言三十年后，它对我来说仍是最好的人生准则，因为这句名言给我们提供了一种衡量我们自己而不是他人的方法。
简析：关键词introduce引见，例：Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting让我给你说说品酒的乐趣。
2. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.
我们当中很少有人被要求作出关于国家进行战争，军队进行战斗的重大决定，但我们每天都要求作出很多个人的决定。
简析：含动名词的所有格形式。
Post-task: Translating the following sentences and the passage by the students themselves:
1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.
据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁的棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的(忠实的)听者，这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩所需要的。
简析：夹杂with构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。
2. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea.
这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。
简析：关键词sell on (to)使接受。
3. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
这个岛屿，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现，在1810年有人居住，现在属于英国，人口数有几百人。
简析：有两个过去分词短语作状语。
4. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.
他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系，这给他们充足的时间来修建1000多座巨大的石像，被称为莫艾，因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。
简析：夹杂有现在分词短语，过去分词短语及定语从句。
5. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.
我们的(生日)聚会针对两到十岁的小孩，它们互动感强，富有创新，因为它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。
简析：关键词aim for 针对;in that 在于。
6. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.
在这里叙述的这种筹备(生日)聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父母和孩子的关系更加密切。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。
7. He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives.
他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些方面将这个野兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英，即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第一个妻子，联系起来。
简析：夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。
8. Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.
直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。
简析：关键词come across碰巧遇见，in one’s honor纪念某人。
9. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.
它是苏珊•汤森德的音乐剧本，根据她畅销的小说改编的。
简析：关键词best-selling 畅销的。
10. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
戈德是对有机食品感兴趣众多购买者当中的一位，遍及英国的超市依赖更多像他那样的购买者，因为他们要增加有机食品生意。
简析：关键词count on 依赖。
11. Late last year, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Measures of Effective Teaching project. The project tests new ways to recognize what makes a good teacher.
去年年底，比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会推出了高效教学项目相关措施。该项目正测试一种识别优秀教师的新方法。
12. The study is being carried out in public school systems in seven American cities. Thousands of teachers volunteered to take part. They agreed to have their classes recorded on video, but only for observation by expert researchers.
这项研究正在7个美国城市的公立学校系统执行。数千名教师自愿参加，他们同意拍摄他们的授课，但拍摄的内容仅允许提供给专业研究人员进行研究。
13. Last spring, the project collected digital videos of thirteen thousand lessons in the classrooms taught by the teachers. They were in grades four through nine.
去年春天，该项目收集了从4到9年级的1.3万个教师授课的视频，
14. Researchers also collected information from students. They asked students to report their opinions of each teachers classroom. Students were also tested in mathematics, English and biology.
研究人员还通过学生收集信息。他们让学生对每个教师的授课提出自己的意见，还对学生进行了数学、英语和生物方面的测验。
15. Officials recently released early results of the project study. The report says teachers past success in raising student scores on state tests is one of the strongest signs of their ability to do so again. This is known as a teachers "value-added."
相关人员最近公布了这项研究的早期结果。研究报告称，教师在提高学生全美测试成绩上的成功经历，是他们能重现辉煌的最重要的标志之一。这些成功经历被成为教师的“附加值”。
Participation in the Classroom
Taking part in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of students in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student s taking part in orally. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i. e. listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures. In graduate seminars the professor has a "managing" role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these seminars.
A professors teaching style is another factor that determines the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion, while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. Many professors encourage students to question and challenge their ideas. Students who make opinions that are different from the professors point of view should be prepared to support their positions.
In the teaching of science and mathematics, the dominant mode of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have emerged in the humanities and social sciences in the past two decades. Students in education, sociology, and psychology classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design projects,make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are " practical" rather than theoretical, they stress "doing" and engagement.
参考译文：
课堂参与
课堂参与对学生来说不仅是可以接受的，而且是他们所期望的，这在许多课程中都是如此。一些教授把学生课堂上做的口头发言作为期末成绩的一部分。尽管在一些正式的讲座中，学生扮演一个被动的角色(他们听讲、做笔记)，但在许多课程中，教师还是采用课堂讨论，学生提问和非正式演讲的形式。在研究生的讨论课上，教授扮演着“管理”角色，而由学生们发言并展开讨论。在这样的讨论课上，实际上是学生们在进行教学。
一个教授的教学风格是决定学生参与形式和程度的另一个因素。一些教授喜欢控制讨论，而其他一些教授则喜欢引导学生讨论。许多教授鼓励学生对自己的观点提问并发出挑战。那些提出与教授相反意见的学生应该做好充分的准备来支持自己的论点。
在理科和数学的教学中，传统的教学模式仍占统治地位，老师讲课，学生记笔记。然而在过去20年中，在人文科和社会科学的教学中出现了新的教学趋势。例如，学教育学、社会学和心理学的学生常被要求小组讨论解决问题、设计项目、作演讲、研究案例。 由于一些大学的课程是应用型的，而非理论型的，他们所强调的是“动手”和参与。
翻译实训项目三
一、实训目标
（一）技能目标
能够翻译难度适中的英语材料。
（二）知识目标
在正确掌握翻译方法与技巧的基础上，学生能够进行自主翻译。
二、实训条件要求
多媒体教室
三、实训材料准备
实训报告、实训指导书
四、具体实训任务
翻译能力与技巧的训练
五、实训指导
Pre–task: Analyzing how to translate the following sentences:
1. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.
不要搭载陌生人，加油站所有的工作人员最好不要为一辆白色福特牌小汽车服务。
简析：关键词folks，加油站的工作人员。
2. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.
“给车加油”那个男人说，听起来(这个劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司机。 简析：关键词sound like 听起来像…
Post-task: Translating the following sentences and the passage by the students themselves:
1. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.
地下发展的支持者说在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一种利用地球空间的办法。
简析：关键词rather than 而不是。
2. Those who could were likely to name a woman.
那些能够说出好朋友名字的单身男人，很有可能说出一个女人的名字。
简析：省略句who could (name a best friend )承前省。
3. In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities.
一般来说，女人相互的友谊基于相互分享情感和支持，但男人间的关系以共同参与社会活动为特征。
简析：关键词rest on 依靠。
4. For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled —a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavior”.
就大部分而言，男人间的交往在感情上受控制，这与“男子汉气概” 的社会要求是相符合的。
简析：关键词for the most part就大部分而言。
5. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻;而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。
简析：夹杂多种语法结构not unusual=usual; not…until…，直到…才…。
6. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。
简析：倒装句，并含有定语从句及分词短语。
7. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German. 如果这种情况延续下去的话，那么今天的英语将和德语很相近。
简析：含虚拟语气。
8. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词，特别是肉类，取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。
简析：含对比。
9. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.
当美国人第一次游览欧洲时，他们通常发现德国比法国对他们来说更加“陌生”，因为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语，比起法语更加不同于英语。
简析： 含比较级句型结构。
10. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产当作他们主要的销售关键，并且在他们的广告宣传中强调这一点。
简析：make后接双宾语。
11. The results also say students know effective teaching when they experience it. The students gave comments on whether or not their teachers cared about them. They also gave opinions on how much teachers controlled or managed student behavior in the classroom.
研究结果还表示，学生能识别出高效教学。学生们就老师是否关注他们给出看法，他们还就有多少教师在课堂上管控学生行为给出了意见。
12. Another finding shows that combining different sources of information helps administrators provide better comments and suggestions to teachers. In many cases, administrators had been basing their comments on student test scores only.
另一项结果显示，综合不同渠道的信息能帮助校方领导给教师提出更好的意见和建议。在很多案例中，校方领导只以学生成绩论英雄。
13. The Measures of Effective Teaching project continues through twenty twelve when final results will be released. Researchers plan to test a new measure that examines what a teacher knows about how to teach a subject. Experts say these findings could also help create better training and development for teachers.
高效教学项目的相关措施将持续到2012年最终结果公布。研究人员计划测试一项新措施，用以检查教师在如何教某门课上知道多少。专家称这些发现还也将有助于为教师创造更好的培训和发展。
14. The Program for International Student Assessment, or PISA, is a two-hour test that compares the performance of fifteen-year-olds. In the latest test, the countries with the best readers were South Korea and Finland. But students in Shanghai, China, scored the highest of all in reading, mathematics and science.
国际学生评估项目（简称PISA）是一种比较15岁学生能力的测试，耗时2小时。在最近的一次测试中，阅读素养最好的国家是韩国和芬兰。但中国上海学生在阅读、数学和科学得分最高。
15. In all, around half a million students in more than seventy economies took the test last year. The test has been given every three years since two thousand. Last year was the first time Shanghai took part.
去年，总计有来自70多个经济体的近50万名学生参加了这次测试。该测试自2000年以来每3年举行一次。上海去年第一次参加测试。
Viewing and Reading
The pace of reading, clearly,depends entirely upon the reader. He may read as slowly or as rapidly as he can or wishes to read. If he does not understand something, he may stop and reread it, or go in search of elucidation before continuing. The reader can accelerate his pace when the material is easy or less than interesting, and slow down when it is difficult or absorbing. If what he reads is moving, he can put down the book for a few moments and cope with his emotions without fear of losing anything.
The pace of the television experience cannot be controlled by the viewer; only its beginning and end are within his control as he clicks the knob on and off. He cannot slow down a delightful program or speed up a dreary one. He cannot "turn back" if a word or phrase is not understood. The pro-gram moves inexorably forward, and what is lost or misunderstood remains so.
Nor can the television viewer readily transform the material he receives into a form that might suit his particular emotional needs, as he invariably does with material he reads.The images move too quickly. He cannot use his own imagination to invest the people and events portrayed on television
with the personal meanings that would help him understand and resolve relationships and conflicts in his own life~ he is under the power of the imagination of the shows creators. In the television experience the eyes and ears are overwhelmed with the immediacy of sights and sounds.
If someone enters the room while one is watching television--a friend, a relative, a child, someone, perhaps, one has not seen for some time--one must continue to watch or one will lose the thread. The greetings must wait, for the television program will not. A book, of course, can be set aside,with a little regret, perhaps, but with no sense of permanent loss.
参考译文：
看电视与阅读
很明显，阅读的速度完全凭读者决定。他可以按自己的能力和愿望读慢一点或读快一点。如果有什么他没读懂，他可以停下来再读一遍，或在继续读之前弄清楚。当阅读材料易懂或者不太有趣时，读者可以加快阅读速度；当它难懂或引人入胜时可以放慢速度。如果他读的东西令人感动，他可以放下书停一会儿，整理一下情绪，而不必担心错过了什么。
电视的速度不能由看电视的人来控制；只有它的开始与结束在他的掌握中，因为他可以把开关打开或按下。他不能慢放一个令人愉快的节目，也不能快放一个令人乏味的节目。如果有一个字或一个词组没听懂，他也不能“转回去”再听一次。节目无动于衷地进行着，而没看到的还是没有看到，误解的仍然误解了。
看电视的人也不能将他接收到的材料转化为一种可能适合他的特殊感情需要的形式，像他在阅读时通常做的那样。图像变得太快。他不可能用他的想象给电视中饰演的人和事赋予个人意义，以帮助他理解和解决自己生活中的关系和冲突；他被节目制作者的想象力控制住了。看电视时，眼睛和耳朵被稍纵即逝的图像和声音控制住了。
当一个人正在看电视时，如果有人——朋友，亲戚，小孩，可能是一个他很久没见过的人—千进入房间，这个人必须继续观看电视，不然他就会乱了头绪。必须等一会再招呼客人，因为节目不会等人。当然，一本书可以被放在一旁，可能会有些惋惜，但不会有永久的损失。
翻译实训项目四
一、实训目标
（一）技能目标
能够翻译难度适中的英语材料。
（二）知识目标
在正确掌握翻译方法与技巧的基础上，学生能够进行自主翻译。
二、实训条件要求
多媒体教室
三、实训材料准备
实训报告、实训指导书
四、具体实训任务
翻译能力与技巧的训练
五、实训指导
Pre–task: Analyzing how to translate the following sentences:
1. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.
看来对他来说没有合适的工作。
简析：关键词suitable适合的。
2. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.
但当约翰和他的战友们出现时，一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步的那个人(约翰)。
简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词keep pace with 与…步伐一致。
Post-task: Translating the following sentences and the passage by the students themselves:
1. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.
在他们逗留之后，所有的游客都会收到一份生存证明记录他们的成功，也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明，表明他们曾尝试过冒险。
简析：含两个分词短语，关键词state表明。
2. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.
主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加，这些人付得起这种新型服务，换句话说，上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快，主要因为白领工人人数的增加。
简析：关键词rest in 依赖。
3. That you won’t be for long means it won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish.
你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。
简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。
4. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can’t think of.
这些词，是我编造的，只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。
简析：关键词make up 编造。
5. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.
设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。
简析：关键词picture活用为动词想象，设想。
6. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
做决策像打扑克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。
简析：含较复杂的句型结构not unlike=like not only…but also…不仅…而且…
7. The easy way out isn’t always easiest.
解决问题容易的办法并非总是最容易的。
简析：关键词the way out 解决问题的办法。
8. The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and the fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.
炙热的太阳导致面团面积加倍，酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。
简析：比喻形象生动。
9. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
毕竟，难道这些活泼可爱的孩子们不满足于半天搞普通教育的文化课，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞台训练吗?
简析：反问句式，语气强烈。
10. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.
爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安全带—这是75%的美国人每天犯的一个错误。
简析：关键词for a run去跑步。
11. ANDREAS SCHLEICHER: "Asian countries value education more than other countries. They have given education a priority. Every child, every teacher, every parent knows that education is the gateway to success."
施莱歇尔：“亚洲各国比其他国家更重视教育，他们给予教育优先权。所有学生、教师、家长都视教育为成功之本。”
12. Mr. Schleicher says other education systems can learn from Shanghai. For example, he says education spending in the province has increased, including teacher pay and training. And administrators are putting teachers into challenging classroom situations to make them better at their jobs.
施莱歇尔称，其他教育体系可以学习上海。他举例说，上海教育投入有所提高，包括教师工资和培训。同时管理者将教师投入到具有挑战性的课堂情境，促使他们在自己的工作上做得更好。
13. Education Secretary Arne Duncan says the results show an urgent need for Americans to do more to remain competitive in the world economy. He points out that the United States has fallen from first to ninth place in college graduation rates because of gains by other countries.
教育部长阿恩•邓肯称，测试结果显示，美国人迫切需要做更多的工作，以保持在世界经济体中的竞争力。他指出，由于其他国家的进步，美国大学毕业率已经从第一掉到第九位。
14. Mr. Schleicher says international testing experts have investigated and confirmed the Shanghai scores. He says the PISA results are not representative of all of China. But he also says they dispute the common belief that Chinese education is centered on repetition and memorization.
施莱歇尔称，国际测试专家已审核并确认了上海的分数。他称PISA测试结果不代表全中国的水准。但他也表示，他们对中国教育集中于重复和记忆这一普遍观点表示质疑。
15. Twenty-five percent of the Shanghai students showed advanced thinking skills to solve difficult math problems. The OECD average was three percent.
25%的上海学生在解决高难度数学问题上显示出高超的思维能力，而经合组织的平均水平仅为百分之三。
Speaking Effective American English
On job interviews when first conversing with an individual and when addressing small orlarge groups, the first few seconds are critical in setting the tone for how youll be perceived. If she has an annoying regional accent, uses incorrect grammar, has a limited vocabulary, and if she has an irritatingly sharp piercing voice, sounds whiny or bossy or doesnt articulate her words clearly, it s an immediate turn-off. This isnt someone who you would hire or proudly introduce to your friends and business associates. This doesnt mean that everyone should try to sound like a professional actor or broadcaster. All of us have qualities unique to our own way of speaking, our individual voiceprintas distinctive as our fingerprints. Our voice is very personal and an important part of our identity. Some natural characteristics of our voice may be very appealing.
The idea is to take the voice with which youve been gifted and give it the very best sound that you can. With the right type of practice, by paying attention to the quality of your voice and by knowing how to properly express yourself,you II almost immediately improve your opportunities in job interviews, social situations, in selling, and in running a meeting or addressing groups of people.
Let s say it again, it all begins with the instrument, your voice. If its sound and quality is flawed and needs improvement, that s where you start. That s what everyone hears whether in casual conversation or in making a major speech to a large audience. Pure vowel sounds, articulation, proper breathing, expressive speaking patterns, a pleasing vocal range, naturalness, all these will make you get twice the result with half the effort.
参考译文：
说一口地道的美国英语
求职面试时，当你与他人第一次交谈时或在与少数或许多人谈话时，开始的几秒钟是重要的，因为它决定了别人对你的印象。如果她有严重的地方口音、语法错漏百出、词汇量有限，如果她声音刺耳，听起来像与人抱怨或发号施令或者吐字不清，就会立即引起人的反感。你不会雇用这种人或把这种人自豪地介绍给你的朋友或同事。但这并不是说每个人说起话来要像专业演员或播音员那样标准。我们每个人说话都有自己独特的方式，我们各自的声音就像我们的指纹一样独特。我们的声音是个性化的，而且它是我们身份的重要特征。我们声音的一些自然特质也许非常吸引人。
现在的观点是利用你声音的天赋，尽量使其悦耳动听。只要适当练习，注意你的音质，了解合适的表达方式，你就能在求职面试、社会交往、推销、组织会议或在众人前发言时立刻获得更多的机遇。
在此要强调的是，一切从你的声音这个工具开始。如果你的声音和音质有缺陷，需要改进，这就是你的出发点。因为无论在闲谈时或在对许多听众演讲时，你的声音首先为人熟知。元音字正腔圆，发音清晰，呼吸匀称，表达方式合适，音域悦耳，说话自然，所有这些都会使你事半功倍。
翻译实训项目五
一、实训目标
（一）技能目标
能够翻译难度适中的英语材料。
（二）知识目标
在正确掌握翻译方法与技巧的基础上，学生能够进行自主翻译。
二、实训条件要求
多媒体教室
三、实训材料准备
实训报告、实训指导书
四、具体实训任务
翻译能力与技巧的训练
五、实训指导
Pre–task: Analyzing how to translate the following sentences:
1. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.
他们不仅使人们在晚上睡觉困难，而且他们损害我们历史名胜的房子和商店。
简析：句型结构not only…but (also) …不仅…而且…
2. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.
也攻读生物学的哈利说他们要制造尽可能大的噪音来迫使政府官员们认识到大家正不得不忍受的东西。
简析：句型结构as...as possible尽可能地……。
Post-task: Translating the following sentences and the passage by the students themselves:
1.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年)of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.
这次高峰会是为了纪念尼克松总统访华25周年，尼克松访华是中美关系的转折点。
简析：关键词mark 纪念。
2. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.
很多问题是大学水平，这些小学生能够解答出来。
简析：关键词be of college level 大学水平，figure out解决，解答。
3. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160- –foot –tall Tree of Life.
穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之树。
简析：含有两个倒装句。
4. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.
目前的问题是，很多人把其实只要付诸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。
简析：consider后的宾语后置。
5. Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.
她受过重罚，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用尽她所剩的力量来帮助其他同志。
简析：含有让步状语从句及形容词短语作状语。
6. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.
如果他们从电视中的束缚中解脱出来，不得不自己安排活动，他们可能会全家驱车去看日落。
简析：含有两个过去分词短语。
7. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.
我绕到房子的前面，坐在台阶上，哭了一阵之后，我感到阵阵心痛，我的父亲心里肯定也有一点不好受。
简析：动作描写，情真意切。
8. It covered the whole distance from broken –hearted misery to bursting happiness—too fast.
先是令人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端到另一个极端—变换得实在太快了。
简析：比喻形象生动。
9. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的最近的人远在885英里以外的岛上。
简析：含虚拟语气。
10. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.
八十大寿，毕竟非同一般，不管怎么说你又活了十年，或者说熬了十年，是活还是熬，全在于你怎么看了。
11. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。
简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。
12. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.
这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。
简析：含主谓倒装句。
13. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.
要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。
简析：含比较级句型。
14. As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading.
就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。
简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。
15. So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .
因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时,我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到很惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好,保持很好的竞技状态。
简析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型结构，must have P.P表示对过去事实的推测。
16. In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.
在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。
简析：承前省略谓语动词won。
17. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.
据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。
简析：含比较级句型。
18. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.
这项研究设计得如此好以致一旦开始任何事都不可能改变它。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语once begun。
19. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
妈妈不知道谁应该受责备，因为打破玻璃这件事是她不在家里的时候发生的。
简析：关键词be to blame受责备。
20. When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.
当我在军队服役时，我曾接受过所有战士都参加的智力测试,与平均分100分相比，我得了160分。
21. A program in the eastern United States invites young people into a prison to try to scare them away from prison. The goal is to teach them to avoid bad choices and bad influences that could put them behind bars for life.
美国东部的一个项目邀请青少年参观监狱，以教育他们远离犯罪。该项目旨在教导青少年避免一些可能会导致他们锒铛入狱的错误选择和不良影响。
注1：behind bars：入狱，坐牢
22. The program is called Prisoners Against Teen Tragedy, or PATT. It takes place at the Maryland Correctional Institution-Hagerstown, a medium-security prison for men. Sal Mauriello is a case specialist there.
该项目被称为犯人防止青少年犯罪项目（PATT项目）。该项目在马里兰州一个男性普通犯监狱--黑格斯敦惩教所进行。萨尔•马里奥（Sal Mauriello）是该监狱的案例专家。
23. SAL MAURIELLO: "We have a group of eleven inmates who are in the PATT program. They tell the youth what they went through as a child, what their crimes consist of. They try to teach them about peer pressure. They try to teach them about bad choices."
马里奥：“PATT项目中有一个由11名犯人组成的小组，他们给青少年讲他们年少时的经历，以及他们犯了什么罪行。他们试图教给青少年什么是同侪压力，什么是错误选择。”
24. Tomi Dare is a seventeen-year-old student at Hagerstown Community College. She saw an announcement for the contest on her college website. To enter, students had to write about peer pressure and why they do not do drugs. The prize: five hundred dollars for school.
托米•德尔（Tomi Dare）是黑格斯敦社区学院一名17岁的学生。她在学院的网站上看到了作文竞赛的告示。要参加这项竞赛，学生们必须写一篇有关同侪压力和为什么不吸毒的作文。竞赛奖品是500美元奖学金。
25. "So I was talking about that and I was talking about how I consider myself a queen. And if Im royalty, I need to not put substances in my body. Drugs and alcohol are not what a queen should be taking."
“因此我谈到了如何将自己视为女王。而作为女王，我必须远离那些东西，吸毒和酗酒不是一个女王该做的事情。”
Self-confidence
Confidence is power--the power to attract, persuade, influence, and succeed. Imagine what your life would be like if you had an abundance of selfconfidence !
Confidence isnt an inherited trait, it s a learned one. This means that you can have an abun-dance of self-confidence. Start here, right now.
Confidence starts in the mind.What you think of yourself very much influences the way you feel about yourself. This, in turn, affects the way you speak and act.
No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.
The very first thing you have to do to create abundant self-confidence is to start thinking with confidence. Pay attention to your internal dialogue, and learn to notice when you allow negativity or doubt to control the course of your thinking.
Your environment has a tremendous influence on you. The books you read, the people you spend time with, and the music you listen to all influence the way you think and feel about yourself and the world around you.
In a nutshell, your environment can either build up your self-confidence or drag it down.
If youre in a situation where youre discouraged, such as an unhealthy relationship or a miserable job, you have to change that situation if you want your self-confidence level to grow.
Create an environment that supports you if your desire to have abundant self-confidence. Spend time with confident people.
Remember those, self-confidence can be yours. Take it!
参考译文：
自 信
自信就是力量——吸引人、说服人、影响人并取得成功的力量。设想一下，如果你充满自信，你的生活会是怎样一番景象!
自信并非来自遗传，是需要后天学习的。这就意味着，你也可以充满自信。从现在、从这里开始。
自信必须首先从想法开始。你怎么样看待自己，很大程度就影响了你觉得自己怎样。转而也影响了你说话、做事的方式。
没有你的默认，谁也无法将你看低一等。
充满自信的第一步是要开始自信地看待自己。注意自己的内心对话，注意你什么时候让消极和怀疑控制了自己的思想。
你周围的环境对你有着莫大的影响。你读的书，和你呆在一起的人，你听的音乐都对你的思维方式、对自己的感觉以及对世界的看法产生影响。
一言蔽之，你的周遭环境不是增加你的自信就是打击你的自信。
如果你现在所处的环境让你备受打击，比如说有一段不健康的关系或者一份痛苦的工作，如果你想提高自信的话，你就要改变你现在的处境。
如果你渴望充满自信，就创造一个支持你的环境，与自信的人多待在一起。
记住这些，自信就属于你。抓住它!
